2019 Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to Jim Peebles, Michel Mayor, Didier Queloz:- The 2019 Nobel prize in physics is awarded to Jim Peebles, Michel Mayor, Didier Queloz for their work on discerning of the universe’s structure and history, and the first discovery of a planet orbiting a solar-type star outside our solar system. The prize is awarded since 1901, the recent award in 2019 was 9 million Swedish krona.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, founded in 1739, is an independent organization whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence in society. The Academy takes special responsibility for the natural sciences and mathematics, but endeavors to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.
History of Nobel Prize in Physics
- The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics.
- The Nobel Prize has categorized in five fields that are Physics, Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine.
- The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to a German physicist Wilhelm Rontgen in the esteem of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays.
- Nobel award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and known as the most prestigious award that a scientist can receive in the field of physics.
India in Nobel Prize of Physics
Well, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman is only Indian who won the Nobel prize in 1930 for their Worked on the scattering of light effect.
Nobel Prize Winner List in Physics (1901-2019)
| Name | Year: Citizen | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen | 1901: Germany | Discovery of the remarkable rays |
| Hendrik Lorentz | 1902: Netherlands | Worked on the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena |
| Pieter Zeeman | ||
| Antoine Henri Becquerel | 1903: France | Spontaneous radioactivity |
| Pierre Curie | Radiation phenomena | |
| Maria Skłodowska-Curie | 1903: Poland/France | |
| Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard | 1905: Austria-Hungary | Worked on cathode rays |
| Guglielmo Marconi | 1909: Italy | Development of wireless telegraphy |
| Karl Ferdinand Braun | 1909: Germany | |
| Max Planck | 1918: Germany | Discovered energy quanta |
| Johannes Stark | 1919: Germany | Discovered Doppler effect in canal rays |
| Albert Einstein | 1921: Germany-Switzerland | For the discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect |
| Niels Bohr | 1922: Denmark | Investigated the structure of atoms |
| Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman | 1930: India | Worked on the scattering of light |
| Werner Heisenberg | 1932: Germany | Created quantum mechanics |
| Erwin Schrödinger | 1933: Austria | Discovered productive forms of atomic theory |
| Paul Dirac | 1933: United Kingdom | |
| James Chadwick | 1935: UK | Discovered Neutron |
| Victor Francis Hess | 1936: Austria | Discovered cosmic radiation |
| Willis Eugene Lamb | 1955: US | Discovered the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum |
| Emilio Gino Segrè | 1959: Italy | Discovered the antiproton |
| Owen Chamberlain | 1959: US | |
| Lev Davidovich Landau | 1962: Soviet Union | Theories for condensed matter |
| Maria Goeppert-Mayer | 1963: US | Discovered nuclear shell structure |
| J. Hans D. Jensen | 1963: Germany | |
| Hans Albrecht Bethe | 1967: US | Worked on the theory of nuclear reactions |
| Murray Gell-Mann | 1969: US | Classification of elementary particles and their interaction |
| Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén | 1970: Sweden | Worked on plasma physics |
| Louis Néel | 1970: France | Worked solid-state physics (antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism) |
| Dennis Gabor | 1971: Hungary-UK | Developed the holographic method |
| John Bardeen | 1972: US | Developed the theory of superconductivity |
| Leon Neil Cooper | ||
| John Robert Schrieffer | ||
| Arno Allan Penzias | 1978: US | Discovered cosmic microwave background radiation |
| Robert Woodrow Wilson | ||
| Nicolaas Bloembergen | 1981: Netherlands-US | Developed laser spectroscopy |
| Arthur Leonard Schawlow | 1981: US | |
| Ernst Ruska | 1986: Germany | Designed the first electron microscope |
| Johannes Georg Bednorz | 1987: Germany | Discovered the superconductivity in ceramic materials |
| Karl Alexander Müller | 1987: Switzerland | |
| Robert B. Laughlin | 1998: US | Discovered a new form of quantum fluid |
| Horst Ludwig Störmer | 1998: Germany | |
| Daniel Chee Tsui | 1998: China-US | |
| Jack St. Clair Kilby | 2000: US | Developed integrated circuit |
| Riccardo Giacconi | 2002: Italy-US | Discovered cosmic X-ray sources |
| Roy J. Glauber | 2005: US | Worked on the quantum theory of optical coherence |
| Willard S. Boyle | 2009: Canada-US | Invented an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor |
| George E. Smith | 2009: US | |
| Takaaki Kajita | 2015: Japan | Discovered neutrino oscillations, which illustrations that the neutrinos have mass |
| Arthur B. McDonald | 2015: Canada | |
| David J. Thouless | 20016: United Kingdom | Discovered topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter” |
| F. Duncan M. Haldane | 2016: United Kingdom, Slovenia | |
| John M. Kosterlitz | 2016: United Kingdom, United States | |
| Kip Thorne | 2017: United States | Contribution for laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO) detector and the observation of gravitational waves |
| Rainer Weiss | 2017: Germany, United States | |
| Barry Barish | 2017: United States | |
| Arthur Ashkin | 2018: United States | Inventions in the field of laser physics |
| Gérard Mourou | 2018: France | |
| Donna Strickland | 2018: Canada | |
| James Peebles | 2019: Canada, United States | Invention for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology. |
| Michel Mayor | 2019: Switzerland | Invention for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star. |
| Didier Queloz | 2019: Switzerland |
Source – The Nobel Prize Organization
